Casting of ingots



@at 9, 1934@ A. Q. CARNEGIE ET AL CASTING OF INGOTS 2 Sheets-Sheet. l

Filed Nov. 1s. 1951. I

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A. Q. CARNEGIE Er A1.

CASTING OF INGOTS Filed'Nov. 18. 1951 /7 77 /Q/ s a Tl /l fw,

Patented Oct. 9, 1934 CASTING os INGo'rs Alfred Quintin Carnegie and Hugh Malcolm Duncan, Newcastle-on-the-Tyne, and Charles Algernon Parsons, deceased, late of Newcastleon-the-Tync, England, by Katharine Parsons, Kirkwhelpmgton, Vincent Thompson, Newcastle-on-the-'Ilyna and Frederick Gordon Hay Bedford, Wylam-on-thc-Tync, England, legal representatives; said Carnegie and said Duncan assignors to said Katherine Parsons, said Vincent Thompmn, and said Frederick Gordon Hay Bedford Application November 18, 1931, Serial No. 575,750 In Great Britain January 8, 1931 2 Claims. (CL 2Z-213) The invention relates to the casting of ingots,

, particularly steel ingots, and is applicable, though not restricted, to the method of casting ingots described in the specication of Patent No. 1,671,253.

In the above-identified specication, a method of casting steel ingots is described in which the mould, with non-conducting walls, is of comparatively small depth in proportion to its transverse dimensions and the molten metal is cooled from below upwards by a massive bottom chill, so that the crystalline structure runs from the bottom upwards.y

By preheating the walls of the mold in such an arrangement and supplying heat to the free surface of the molten metal, it has been found that the isothermals remain substantially horizontal throughout the cooling process and that an ingot of great physical and chemical homogeneity is produced.

In practice, however, diiiiculties occur in the handling of such ingots when subjected to the action of vertical hammers or presses and in order to overcome such diiiiculties, attempts have been made to weld to the top of the ingot when in the mould a projection, commonly called a stalk, for the attachment of a porter bar, but such a method of attaching the stalk has not been found satisfactory and fracture has in some cases occurred under the action of the hammer or press.

The object of the present invention is to overcome difficulties of the nature indicated.

With such an object:-

The present invention consists in a process for castinganingotwithanintegralhandlingstalk and also in the ingot so cast as hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings:-

Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation onf mould provided with one form of auxiliary chill in place inthe well lnthemainchill;

Figure 2 shows a sectional elevation of a modifled form of auxiliary chill having external ribs and Figure 3 a corresponding cross-section on the line 3-3 oi Figure 2; while nally Figures 4 and 5 show sectional elevation and plan respectively of another modied form of auxiliary chill comprising a number of vertical bars.

In carrying the invention into effect according to one form as illustrated in Figure 1 and applied to the production of steel ingots, the mould, a, with non-conducting walls, e. g., of firebrick, is of the general shape described inthe abovefanentioned speciiication, that is to say, it is slightly conical while its transverse dimensions are greater than its depth.

, The mould is provided with' a detachablecover, b, having a central filling hole, c, ventj holes, d, and ducts, e, from which issue high-temperature gaseous jets playing on the surface of the.molten metal throughout the cooling process.

'I'he ingot itself is indicated by the letter, f.

A massive metal base block, several times the weight of the ingot to be cast is shown built up of parts, h, the centre part, i, being formed with a well, k, preferably of circular cross-section and tapering slightly.

In the well and resting on the bottom thereof is disposed a mass of metal, m, acting as an auxiliary chill and amounting it may be in volume to half that of the well or more.

According to the form of auxiliary chill shown in Figure 1, the mass of metal, m, may be formed as a hollow cylinder arranged co-axial with the well, the cylinder having walls, n, comparable in thickness with the diameter of the axial hole, o, which passes downwards only a certain distance through the metallic mass, so as to form a cup, and holes, 1, are provided leading radially therefrom through the walls, this arrangement assisting to prevent undue splashing. The walls are thinned away towards the top to avoid abrupt change of section in the molten metal forming the stalk while the outside of the cylinder is or may be provided with annular serrations or the like, s, to assist in securing it to the surrounding metal as it solidies after pouring.

According to a modified form of auxiliary chill, (see Figures 2 and 3) the serrations take the form of fins, t, running longitudinally.

Such fins serve the double purpose of increasing the area available for the iiow of heat from the molten metal of the stalk into the auxiliary chill and of obtaining a secure attachment to the stalk, the edges of the iins readily fusing by reason of their shape.

According to another modiiication, the auxiliary chill consists of a multiplicity of vertical steel bars, u, preferably tapered or pointed at their upper ends and provided with cavities, serrations or the like if desired, such bars being xed symmetrically to a suitable base plate, v, placed in the bottom of the well.

With arrangements of the character described,

when the molten metal is poured into the y scribed in the specication above mentioned may be used in connection with the present invention.

It will be seen in addition, that while the present invention is applicable especially to the production of steel ingots, it may in certain cases 'be useful for the production of ingots of other metals.

Having now described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by vLetters Patent iszl. A method of producing an ingot with an integral handling stalk in an ingot mould in which the molten metal is cooled substantially wholly from the bottom upwards by a massive bottom chill which consists in utilizing said massive chill lboth for bottom cooling of said ingot and as a mould for said stalk by providing in the upper part of said chill a well of elongated form containing a mass of metal ruiming lengthwise of said well to serve as an auxiliary chill, and pouring molten metal into said well and said mould so that said molten metal rapidly solidies round said contained mass of metal in said well to form a handling stalk for the resulting ingot and serve in etect as an operative part of said bottom main chill for the subsequent solidication by bottom cooling of said molten metal in said mould.

2. An ingot having an integral handling stalk, in which the crystalline structure of the surface parts of said stalk runs from the side surface inwards and of the body of said ingot substantially wholly from the bottom upwards.

ALFRED QUIN'I'IN CARNEGIE.

HUGH MALCOLM DUNCAN.

AND

KATHERINE PARSONS,

VINCENT THOMPSON,

FREDERICK GORDON HAY BEDFORD,

Legal Representatives of the Estate of Charles Algernon Parsons, Deceased. 

